short cut key of computer

short cut key of computer:-
Shortcut Description
Ctrl + 0 Adds or removes 6pts of spacing before a paragraph.
Ctrl + A Select all contents of the page.
Ctrl + B Bold highlighted selection.
Ctrl + C Copy selected text.
Ctrl + D Open the font preferences window.
Ctrl + E Aligns the line or selected text to the center of the screen.
Ctrl + F Open find box.
Ctrl + I Italic highlighted selection.
Ctrl + J Aligns the selected text or line to justify the screen.
Ctrl + K Insert link.
Ctrl + L Aligns the line or selected text to the left of the screen.
Ctrl + M Indent the paragraph.
Ctrl + P Open the print window.
Ctrl + R Aligns the line or selected text to the right of the screen.
Ctrl + T Create a hanging indent.
Ctrl + U Underline highlighted selection.
Ctrl + V Paste.
Ctrl + X Cut selected text.
Ctrl + Y Redo the last action performed.
Ctrl + Z Undo last action.
Ctrl + Shift + L Quickly create a bullet point.
Ctrl + Shift + F Change the font.
Ctrl + Shift + > Increase selected font +1pts up to 12pt and then increases font +2pts.
Ctrl + ] Increase selected font +1pts.
Ctrl + Shift + < Decrease selected font -1pts if 12pt or lower, if above 12 decreases font by +2pt.
Ctrl + [ Decrease selected font -1pts.
Ctrl + / + c Insert a cent sign (¢).
Ctrl + ' + <char> Insert a character with an accent (grave) mark, where <char> is the character you want. For example, if you wanted an accented è you would use Ctrl + ' + e as your shortcut key. To reverse the accent mark use the opposite accent mark, often on the tilde key.
Ctrl + Shift + * View or hide non printing characters.
Ctrl + <left arrow> Moves one word to the left.
Ctrl + <right arrow> Moves one word to the right.
Ctrl + <up arrow> Moves to the beginning of the line or paragraph.
Ctrl + <down arrow> Moves to the end of the paragraph.
Ctrl + Del Deletes word to right of cursor.
Ctrl + Backspace Deletes word to left of cursor.
Ctrl + End Moves the cursor to the end of the document.
Ctrl + Home Moves the cursor to the beginning of the document.
Ctrl + Spacebar Reset highlighted text to the default font.
Ctrl + 1 Single-space lines.
Ctrl + 2 Double-space lines.
Ctrl + 5 1.5-line spacing.
Ctrl + Alt + 1 Changes text to heading 1.
Ctrl + Alt + 2 Changes text to heading 2.
Ctrl + Alt + 3 Changes text to heading 3.
Alt + Ctrl + F2 Open new document.
Ctrl + F1 Open the Task Pane.
Ctrl + F2 Display the print preview.
Ctrl + Shift + > Increases the highlighted text size by one.
Ctrl + Shift + < Decreases the highlighted text size by one.
Ctrl + Shift + F6 Opens to another open Microsoft Word document.
Ctrl + Shift + F12 Prints the document.
F1 Open Help.
F4 Repeat the last action performed (Word 2000+)
F5 Open the find, replace, and go to window in Microsoft Word.
F7 Spellcheck and grammar check selected text or document.
F12 Save as.
Shift + F3 Change the text in Microsoft Word from uppercase to lowercase or a capital letter at the beginning of every word.
Shift + F7 Runs a Thesaurus check on the word highlighted.
Shift + F12 Save.
Shift + Enter Create a soft break instead of a new paragraph.
Shift + Insert Paste.
Shift + Alt + D Insert the current date.
Shift + Alt + T Insert the current time.

Tornado

What is a tornado?

A tornado is a funnel-like storm of strong winds.

The United States gets about a thousand tornadoes a year.




Causes 
• Formed by an instability in the atmosphere.
• Usually form during thunderstorms.
• A downward flow of cold air from clouds meets a rising flow of warm air from the ground.
• When the conditions are just right, a tornado will start.

Effects
• Houses are destroyed
• People and animals can be killed
• Crops are destroyed
• Disease can spread
• Water gets contaminated
• Communities are demolished and must be rebuilt


Types of Tornadoes

They are categorized as F0-F5 on the Fujita-Pearson Scale.
• F0 - light
• F1 - moderate
• F2 - considerable
• F3 - severe
• F4 - devastating
• F5 - incredibly powerful


Top Ten Disasters
March 18, 1925 Illinois, Indiana, & Missouri 689 People Dead F5
May 7, 1840 Louisiana & Mississippi 317 People Dead F?
May 27, 1896 Missouri & Illinois 255 People Dead F4
April 5, 1936 Mississippi 216 People Dead F5
April 6, 1936 Georgia 203 People Dead F4
April 9, 1947 Texas, Oklahoma, & Kansas 181 People Dead F5
April 24, 1908 Louisiana & Mississippi 143 People Dead F4
June 12, 1899 Wisconsin 117 People Dead F5
June 8, 1953 Missouri 115 People Dead F5
May 11, 1953 Texas 114 People Dead F5


Safety Tips
• Stay calm!
• Look for safe shelter like a basement, small closet or bathroom
• Stay away from windows - the broken glass can cause injuries
• Listen for reports on a portable radio
• Keep a weather radio with batteries if you live in an area with lots of tornadoes
• Protect your body with a mattress or blankets
• Evacuate mobile homes and find shelter in a solid structure
• If you are out in the open, find a ditch or overpass to hide in
Facts
• Tornado came from the Spanish word tronada.
• Other names are twisters or cyclones.
• Characterized by rapidly rotating columns of air hanging from cumulonimbus clouds.
• At ground level they usually leave a path of destruction only about 50 miles wide and travel an average about 8 to 24 kilometers.

Hurricanes

Types Of Hurricanes

Hurricanes are measured in 5 categories on the Saffir Simpson Scale 

Category 1 Minimal Wind speeds of 74 - 95 MPH 
Category 2 Moderate Wind speeds of 96 - 110 MPH 
Category 3 Extensive Wind speeds of 111 - 130 MPH 
Category 4 Extreme Wind speeds of 131 - 155 MPH 
Category 5 Catastrophic Wind speeds of over 155 MPH 

Top Ten Hurricane Disasters

Most Deaths Most Damage
1900 Texas 8,000 dead 
1928 Florida 1,836 dead 
1919 Florida 600 dead 
1938 New England 600 dead 
1935 Florida 408 dead 
ANDREW 1992 FL & LA $26.5 billion 
HUGO 1989 SC $7 billion 
FRAN 1996 NC $3.2 billion 
OPAL 1995 FL & AL $3 billion 
FREDERIC 1979 AL & MS $2.3 billion 


Safety Tips...

• Listen to TV or radio for weather bulletins 
• Board up garage and porch doors and stay away from windows 
• Leave home if you might be affected by storm tide or flooding 
• Follow evacuation routes to nearest shelter 
• Turn off electricity and water 
• Fill containers, including bathtub, with several days of drinking water 
• Turn up refrigerator to maximum cold but don't open if not necessary 
• Use phone only for emergencies 

Facts About Hurricanes

o Diameter of the eye can be 12 to 125 meters across 
o Other names for a hurricane are cyclone and typhoon 
o Hurricane season lasts from June 1 to November 30 
o Names are chosen from an alphabetical list of alternating male and female names 
o The National Weather Service started using men's names in 1979

Some Facts About Solar Systems

Some Facts About Solar Systems

>>Biggest Planet:: Jupiter

>>Smallest Planet::Mercury

>>Biggest Satellite:: Gannymede

>>Smallest Satellite:: Deimos

>>Blue Planet:: Earth

>>Green Planet::Uranus

>>Brightest Planet::Venus

>>Brightest Planet Outside Solar System:: Sirius (Dog Star)

>>Closest Star of Solar System:: Proxima Centauri

>>Coldest Planet:: Neptune

>>Evening Star:: Venus

>>Farthest Planet from Sun:: Neptune

>>Planet with maximum Number of Satellite:: Saturn

>>Hottest Planet:: Venus

>>Densest Planet:: Earth

>>Morning Star:: Venus

>>Nearest Planet to Earth:: Venus

>>Nearest Planet to Sun:: Mercury

>>Red Planet:: Mars

>>Earth's Twin:: Venus

INDIAN RIVERS

Name Origin From Fall into Length (km)

1. Ganges Combined Sources Bay of Bengal 2525
2. Satluj Mansarovar Rakas Lakes Chenab 1050
3. Indus Near Mansarovar Lake Arabian Sea 2880
4. Ravi Kullu Hills near Rohtang Pass Chenab 720
5. Beas Near Rohtang Pass Satluj 470
6. Jhelum Verinag in Kashmir Chenab 725
7. Yamuna Yamunotri Ganga 1375
8. Chambal M.P. Yamuna 1050
9. Ghagra Matsatung Glacier Ganga 1080
10. Kosi Near Gosain Dham Park Ganga 730
11. Betwa Vindhyanchal Yamuna 480
12. Son Amarkantak Ganga 780
13. Brahmaputra Near Mansarovar Lake Bay of Bengal 2900
14. Narmada Amarkantak Gulf of Khambat 1057
15. Tapti Betul Distt. Of MP Gulf of Khambat 724
16. Mahanadi Raipur Distt. In Chattisgarh Bay of Bengal 858
17. Luni Aravallis Rann of kuchchh 450
18. Ghaggar Himalayas Near Fatehabad 494
19. Sabarmati Aravallis Gulf of Khambat 416
20. Krishna Western ghats Bay of Bengal 1327
21. Godavari Nasik distt. In Maharashtra Bay of Bengal 1465
22. Cauvery Brahmagir Range of Western Ghats Bay of Bengal 805
23. Tungabhadra Western Ghats Krishna River 640

Production revolutions

This is a list of major Production revolutions in India.

Revolution                               Production

Black Revolution                      Petroleum production

Blue Revolution                        Fish production

Brown Revolution                     Leather/non-conventional(India)/Cocoa production

Golden Revolution                    Overall Horticulture development/Honey Production

Golden Fiber Revolution          Jute Production

Green Revolution                      Food grain (Cereals, Wheat &Leguminous plant) 

Grey Revolution                        Fertilizer production

Pink Revolution                         Onion/Pharmaceutical (India)/Prawn production

Red Revolution                          Meat & Tomato production

Round Revolution                      Potato production

Silver Fiber Revolution              Cotton production

Silver Revolution                       Egg/Poultry production

White Revolution                        Milk/Dairy production (In India - Operation Flood)

Yellow Revolution                      Oil Seeds production

Difference between NRI, OCI and PIO:

Difference between NRI, OCI and PIO: 

A Non-Resident Indian (NRI) is a citizen of India who holds an Indian passport and has temporarily emigrated to another country for six months or more for work, residence or any other purpose. 

Strictly speaking, the term "non-resident" is an economic concept and refers only to the tax status of an person who, as per section 6 of the Income-tax Act of 1961, has not resided in India for a specified period for the purposes of the Income Tax Act. The rates of income tax are different for persons who are "resident in India" and for NRIs. For the purposes of the Income-tax Act, "residence in India" requires stay in India of at least 182 days in a calendar year or 365 days spread out over four consecutive years. According to the act, any Indian citizen who does not meet the criteria as a "resident of India" is a non-resident of India and is treated as NRI for paying income tax. 
This implies that-Person Resident in India for less than 182 days during the course of preceding financial year and has gone out of India or who stays outside India, in either case:

a) for or on taking up employment outside India; or
b) for carrying on outside India a business or vocation outside India; or
c) for any other purpose, in such circumstances as would indicate his intention to stay outside India for a uncertain period.

A Person of Indian Origin (PIO) is a citizen of any other country but whose ancestors were Indian nationals at least four generations away. A PIO card is issued to PIOs other than Bangladeshi and Pakistani nationals with Indian origins, holding a foreign passport. The government issues a PIO Card to a Person of Indian Origin after verification of his or her origin or ancestry and this card entitles a PIO to enter India without a visa. Spouse of a PIO can also be issued a PIO card though the spouse might not be a PIO. This latter category includes foreign spouses of Indian nationals, regardless of ethnic origin, as long as they were not born in, or ever nationals of, the aforementioned prohibited countries. PIO Cards exempt holders from many restrictions that apply to foreign nationals, such as visa and work permit requirements, along with certain other economic limitations. PIOs can acquire non-agricultural and plantation property in India; can admit children to all educational institutes in India under NRI quota and can apply for various housing schemes of LIC, state governments and other government agencies. They are also exempted from registration at Foreigners Registration office at District Headquarters if stay in India does not exceed 180 days.

The PIO card can be withdrawn under following circumstances:

a) the PIO card was obtained through fraud, concealment of facts or false representation;
b) the activities of the card holder in India do not conform to the laws of the country and the Indian Constitution;
c) the card holder happens to be citizen of a country with which India is at war, or is supporting another country in acts of aggression against India;
d) the PIO has been found guilty of acts of terrorism, smuggling of arms and ammunition and narcotics;
e) has been sentenced in India up to one year's imprisonment or fined up to Rs.10,000;
f) the card holder's presence in India is detrimental to the interests of the country.

Overseas Citizenship of India (OCI) is provided to a foreign national, who was eligible to become a citizen of India on 26.01.1950 or was a citizen of India on or at anytime after 26.01.1950 or belonged to a territory that became part of India after 15.08.1947. His/her children and grand children are also eligible for registration as an Overseas Citizen of India (OCI). Minor children of such person are also eligible for OCI. However, if the applicant had ever been a citizen of Pakistan or Bangladesh, he/she will not be eligible for OCI.

Following benefits will be given to an OCI:

(a) Multi-purpose, multiple entry, lifelong visa for visiting India.
(b) Exemption from registration with local police authority for any length of stay in India.
(c) Parity with NRIs in respect of economic, financial and education fields except in matters relating to the acquisition of agricultural/plantation properties.